表1.低中高学年別機能一覧
Abbreviations:           NP Noun-phrase.
VP Verb-phrase.
N Noun.
Vinf Infinitive without to.
Vto Infinitive with to.
Ving Verbal from in -ing.
Ved Past participle.
  No. 機能分類(項目は"The Threshold Level"による)
   
低学年   中学年   高学年
   
1.事実情報
  1.1 アイデンテイティを認識する
This. / That.   This is NP. / That is NP.   These are NP. / Those are NP.
This + noun. / That + noun.   This N is NP. / That N is NP.   These Ns are NP. / Those Ns are NP.
I / you / we   I am NP. / You are NP. / We are NP.   He is NP. / She is NP. / They are NP.
Yes.   declarative phrases   declarative sentences
  Yes, he is, etc.  
  1.2 報告する(描写や叙述を含む)
  declarative phrases   declarative sentences
  1.3 修正する
Never.   phrases containing the negation-words   negative sentences with not
No.     sentences containing the negation-words
Nobody.    
Nothing.    
  1.4 質問する
When?   interrogative phrases   interrogative sentences
Where?   question-word phrases with : when, what, etc.   question-word sentences with : what, etc.
What?   Tell me.   Tell me + sub-clause.
Which?   About + NP.   Tell me about +NP.
Who?    
2.知的態度
  2.1 同意や反対を表現する
Right.   I agree.   Of course not.
All right.   That's right.   Yes, I can. / Yes, he may. etc.
Sure.   Of course.  
Yes.   Yes, it is. / Yes, I am. etc.  
No.   I don't agree.  
OK.   I don't think so.  
  No, I don't. / No, it isn't. etc.  
  2.2 同意または反対を尋ねる
  Do you agree?   short questions
  Do you think so?  
  2.3 何かを否定する
No (adverb).   No (adjective).   negative sentences with not
Never.   No + negative short answers   sentences containing the negation-words
Nobody.    
Nothing.    
  2.4 申出や招待を受ける
Thank you.   Yes, please.   I'm very glad + Vto ...
Yes. / OK.     That will be very nice.
All right.    
  2.5 申出や招待を断わる
No.   No, thank you.   I'm afraid I cannot ...
  2.6 申出や招待を受けるのか断るのか尋ねる
    Will you + VP (do it, come, etc.)?
  2.7 何かすることを申し出る
  Can + I + Verb?   Can I + VP?
  2.8 何かや誰かを知っているか知らないか述べる
  I (don't) know.   I (don't) know + noun or pronoun.
  2.9 何かや誰かを知っているか知らないか尋ねる
  Do you know?   Do you know + noun or pronoun?
  2.10 何かや誰かを覚えているか忘れたか述べる
  I (don't) remember.   I (don't) remember + noun or pronoun.
  I forgot.   I (don't) remember + gerund.
    I (don't) remember + that-clause.
    I forgot to (bring my glasses, etc.).
  2.11 何かや誰かを覚えているか忘れたか尋ねる
  Do you remember?   Do you remember + noun or pronoun?
  Do you forget?   Do you remember + gerund?
    Do you remember + that-clause?
    Do you forget to (bring your glasses, etc.)?
  2.12 何かが可能または不可能と思われるか表現する
  It is possible.   It is possible + that-clause
  It is impossible.   NP + can + VP
  It is not possible.   It is not possible + that-clause.
    NP + cannot + VP
  2.13 何かが可能または不可能と思われるか尋ねる
  Is it possible?   Is it possible + that-clause?
    Can + NP + VP?
  2.14 能力があるかないか表現する
    NP + can (not) + VP
  2.15 能力があるかないか尋ねる
    Can + NP + VP?
  2.16 論理的に妥当な結論(推論)だと表現する
    NP + must + VP
    NP + cannot + VP
  2.18 自分はどのくらい確信をもっていると表現する
Perhaps ...   I am sure.   I am sure + that-clause.
  I am not sure.   declarative sentence
  I think so.   I know + that-clause.
  I don't think so.   I think + that-clause.
    NP + may + VP.
    I am not sure that-clause.
    NP + cannot + VP.
    I don't think + that-clause.
  2.19 他人がどのくらい確信をもっているか尋ねる
  Are you sure?   Are you sure + that-clause?
  Do you think so?   Do you think + that-clause?
  2.20 自分がせねばならないのか否かを表現する
    I (don't) have to + VP.
  2.21 自分が何かをせねばならないのか尋ねる
    Do I have to + VP?
  2.22 他人がせねばならないのか否かを表現する
  It is (not) necessary.   NP + (don't / doesn't) have to + VP.
  You must + Verb.   You must + VP.
  2.23 他人が何かをせねばならないのか尋ねる
    Do / Does + NP have to + VP?
  2.24 何かをすることの許可を与えたり求めたりする
All right.   You may + Verb.   You may + VP
  Of course.   May I + VP?
  That's all right.  
  May I + Verb?  
  2.26 許可は見合わされたと述べる
  Don't + Verb.   Don't + VP.
3.感情的態度
  3.1 喜びや好みを表現する
Very good.   This is nice.   This is very nice.
  I like noun (-group) or pronoun.   I love + noun or pronoun.
  I like + Ving ...   It's a very good + noun.
  It's very good.  
  3.2 不快や嫌悪を表現する
  This is not good.  
  I don't like + noun (-group) or pronoun.  
  I don't like + Ving ...  
  3.3 喜び,好み,不快,嫌悪について尋ねる
  Do you like + noun (-group) or pronoun?  
  Do you like + Ving ...?  
  3.4 興味があるかないか表現する
Interesting.   That's (not) interesting.   That's very interesting.
    I am (not) interested + in + noun or pronoun.
  3.5 興味があるかないか尋ねる
  Are you interested?   Are you interested + in + noun or pronoun?
  3.6 驚きを表現する
  What a surprise!   This is a surprise!
    How nice + Vto ...!
  3.7 期待を表現する
  I hope so.   I hope + that-clause.
  3.8 満足を表現する
Very good.   This is very good.   This is what I want.
All right.   It's all right.  
  3.9 不満を表現する
  I don't like this.   This is not what I want.
  This is not right.  
  3.10 満足か不満か尋ねる
All right?   Do you like this?   Is it all right now?
  Is it all right?   Is this what you want?
  3.11 がっかりしたと表現する
Sorry.   That's a pity.   That's a great pity.
  I'm sorry.   I'm very sorry + Vto ...
  3.12 恐れや心配を表現する
  I'm afraid.   I'm worried + about NP
  I'm worried.  
  3.13 恐れや心配を尋ねる
  Are you afraid?  
  Are you worried?  
  3.14 好きな順を表現する
    I prefer + noun or pronoun.
  3.15 好きな順を尋ねる
Which?     Which do you prefer?
  3.16 感謝を表現する
Thank you.   Thank you very much.   It is nice of you + Vto ...
  It is nice of you.  
  It is kind of you.  
  3.17 感情の一致を表現する
Sorry.   I am sorry.   I am sorry + Vto ....
  I am glad.   I am glad + Vto ...
  3.18 意向を表現する
    I'm going + Vto ...
    I'll + Vinf ...
    I intend + Vto ...
  3.19 意向を尋ねる
    Are you going + Vto ...?
    Will you + Vinf ...?
    Do you intend + Vto ...?
  3.20 要求や欲求を表現する
  I want + noun (-group) or pronoun   I'd like + noun (-group) or pronoun
    I'd like + Vto ...
    I want + Vto ...
    May I have + noun (-group) or pronoun (please)?
  3.21 要求や欲求を尋ねる
  Do you want + noun (-group) or pronoun?   Would you like + noun (-group) or pronoun?
    Would you like + Vto ...?
    Do you want + Vto ...?
4.道義的態度
  4.1 おわびする
Sorry!   I'm sorry.   I am very sorry.
Excuse me.   Excuse me, please.  
  4.2 許す
All right.   That's all right.   It's all right now.
  It's all right.   It doesn't matter.
  4.3 良いと表現する
Good!   That's fine!  
Fine!    
  4.4 良くないと表現する
  It's not good.   You shouldn't + Vinf ...
    It's not very nice.
  4.5 良いか良くないか尋ねる
All right?   Is this all right?   Do you think this is all right?
  4.6 高く評価する
Very good.   It's very good.  
  4.7 残念だと表現する
  I'm sorry.   I am so / very sorry.
  That's a pity.   That's a (great) pity.
  4.8 無関心だと表現する
    It doesn't matter.
5.処理事項
  5.1 行動を提案する(話者を含む)
  Let's + Verb.   Let's + VP.
  Shall we + Verb?   Shall we + VP?
    We could + VP.
    What about + Ving ...?
  5.2 他人に何かをするよう依頼する
Please.   Please + Verb.   Would / Could you (please) + VP?
    Can I have + NP + Ved (,please)?
  5.3 他人に何かをするよう誘う
    Would you like + Vto ...?
    What about + Ving ...?
    What about + a drink, a nice walk, etc.?
  5.4 他人に何かをするよう忠告する
    You should + VP.
    Why don't you + VP?
  5.5 他人に禁止したり警告したりする
Be careful!   Don't + Verb.   Don't + VP.
Look out!    
  5.6 他人に教えたり指示したりする
  imperative phrases   imperative sentences
  5.7 援助を申し出る
Help?     Can I help you?
  5.8 援助を求める
Help.   Help me, please.   Can you help me?
6.社交辞令
  6.1 あいさつ
Hello.   Good evening.  
Good morning.    
Good afternoon.    
  6.2 人に会った時
Hello.     I'm fine, thank you.
How are you?    
Fine, thank you.    
  6.3 紹介したり,されたりする時
Hello.   How do you do.  
  This is ...  
  6.4 退出する時
Good-bye.   See you tomorrow.   See you next week / etc.
See you.   Good night.  
  6.5 注目させようとする
Excuse me.    
  6.6 乾杯する
Cheers!     Here's to ...
  6.7 祝福する
  Congratulations!  

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